Rollup Decentralization

Definition ∞ Rollup Decentralization refers to the extent to which the operational control and data availability components of a blockchain rollup solution are distributed among multiple independent entities. This reduces reliance on a single operator for transaction sequencing, data posting, or proof generation. Higher decentralization contributes to censorship resistance and robustness.
Context ∞ This is a critical factor for the security and censorship resistance of Layer 2 rollups, influencing their long-term viability. Ongoing efforts focus on enhancing decentralization through distributed sequencers, fraud proof mechanisms, and data availability committees. These advancements are crucial for ensuring rollups maintain the core properties of the underlying blockchain.

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→Liveness Guarantee

→Block Pipelining

→Credible Neutrality

L1 Proposers Decouple Rollup Sequencing for Maximum Decentralization

The Based Sequencing model shifts rollup transaction ordering to the L1 validator set, fundamentally inheriting L1 security and eliminating sequencer centralization risk.

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→Trust Minimization

→Validator Set

→Shared Sequencing

Delegating Layer Two Sequencing to Base Layer Proposers Secures Rollups

Based sequencing transfers L2 transaction ordering to the credibly neutral L1 validator set, fundamentally resolving sequencer centralization risk and enabling atomic composability.

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→Offchain Computation

→Data Availability Committee

→Decentralized Sequencers

Decentralized Arrangers Using Set Consensus Fortify Rollup Security

Set Byzantine Consensus enables the Decentralized Arranger, unifying sequencing and data availability to eliminate L2 centralization risk.

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→ZK Rollup Security

→Proof Market

→Cryptographic Mechanism

Decoupling Prover and Sequencer Roles for Decentralized ZK Rollups

A new Prover-Validator Separation mechanism uses a sealed-bid auction to decentralize zero-knowledge proof generation, mitigating rollup centralization and MEV risk.

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→Arranger Service

→Decentralized Sequencer

→Byzantine Fault Tolerance

Set Byzantine Consensus Decouples Rollup Sequencing from Centralized Control

The research introduces Set Byzantine Consensus to construct a Decentralized Arranger, fundamentally solving rollup centralization by separating transaction content agreement from final ordering.

→L2 Security Model

→MEV Mitigation

→Transaction Ordering Fairness

Layer One Sequencing Secures Rollups Decentralization and Censorship Resistance

The Based Rollups paradigm leverages the Layer One's block production to sequence Layer Two transactions, fundamentally eliminating centralized sequencer risk and achieving native censorship resistance.

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→Transaction Serialization

→Cryptographic Hash

→L2 Scalability

Decentralized Rollup Sequencers Using Set Consensus Ensure Full L2 Autonomy

Set Byzantine Consensus creates a decentralized arranger service, eliminating the sequencer bottleneck and enabling fully autonomous Layer 2 rollups.

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→Cryptoeconomic Framework

→Rollup Architecture

→Transaction Ordering

Staked Randomness Secures Rollup Sequencers Preventing Censorship and Centralization

Staked Randomness Sequencer (SRS) uses VRF-weighted stake to select L2 sequencers, eliminating the single point of failure and unlocking true censorship resistance.

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→Layer Two Scaling

→Cryptographic Security

→Hardware Requirement Reduction

Decentralized ZK-Rollups Achieve Data Availability and MEV Resistance

A novel L2 architecture separates node roles and uses a Proof of Luck mechanism to secure decentralization and prevent transaction reordering attacks.