Definition ∞ Runtime exploits are vulnerabilities that occur during the execution of a software program or smart contract, allowing attackers to manipulate its behavior or gain unauthorized control. These exploits often target flaws in memory management, input validation, or logical processing within the active environment. They can lead to unintended operations, data corruption, or the theft of digital assets.
Context ∞ In the digital asset world, runtime exploits against smart contracts are a frequent cause of major security breaches and financial losses, often making headlines in crypto news. Attackers seek out vulnerabilities in the live execution of decentralized applications to drain funds or alter contract logic. Continuous auditing, formal verification, and robust bug bounty programs are essential for mitigating the risks associated with runtime exploits in blockchain protocols.