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Sandwich Attack

Definition

A sandwich attack is a type of market manipulation where an attacker places two orders around a victim’s transaction. In decentralized finance (DeFi), particularly on automated market maker (AMM) platforms, an attacker observes a pending transaction and then places a buy order just before it and a sell order just after it. This maneuver exploits the price impact of the victim’s transaction, allowing the attacker to profit from the temporary price movement. Such attacks are a form of front-running and contribute to the broader category of maximum extractable value (MEV).