Asynchronous Finality Gadget Secures Proof-of-Stake Safety
The $Phi$-Gadget introduces a two-phase threshold signature mechanism to decouple block ordering from finality, guaranteeing safety under asynchronous network conditions.
Formalizing Accountable Finality Quantifies Proof-of-Stake Reorganization Economic Cost
The new Accountability Gadget formally quantifies the economic cost of PoS reorganizations, transforming finality from a social consensus into a provable, suicidal economic guarantee.
