Definition ∞ State finalization refers to the point at which a transaction or block on a blockchain is considered irreversible and permanently added to the ledger’s history. Once a state is finalized, it cannot be altered or reverted without a complete network reorganization, which is computationally prohibitive. This provides strong assurances of transaction validity. It marks the ultimate confirmation of a block.
Context ∞ Achieving rapid and secure state finalization is a critical goal for many blockchain protocols, particularly those supporting high-value transactions or real-time applications. Different consensus mechanisms offer varying degrees of finality, impacting the trust and efficiency of the system. Debates often focus on balancing quick finality with decentralization and security considerations.
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