Transaction censorship refers to the act of preventing specific transactions from being included in a blockchain block, thereby hindering their confirmation on the network. This can occur if miners or validators, due to economic incentives or external pressures, deliberately exclude certain transactions from the blocks they produce. It poses a significant threat to the decentralization and permissionless nature of blockchain systems. Censorship undermines the principle of equal access to network resources.
Context
Transaction censorship is a pressing concern in decentralized networks, particularly with the rise of Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) and increasing regulatory pressures on validators. Debates focus on designing protocols that are resistant to such censorship, including proposer-builder separation (PBS) and alternative transaction ordering mechanisms. Future developments involve continuous research into censorship-resistant block production and the implementation of robust mechanisms to preserve transaction inclusion fairness.
Game theory formalizes the MEV supply chain, proving unconstrained transaction ordering creates a systemic welfare loss, unlocking quantified mitigation via mechanism design.
New uncertainty principles establish a fundamental, quantifiable trade-off between validator transaction ordering freedom and user economic payoff complexity.
The introduction of a two-stage commit-reveal protocol for block construction cryptographically enforces builder neutrality, eliminating the proposer's censorship vector.
Themis introduces a threshold-encrypted commit-and-reveal scheme to enforce transaction order based on submission time, mitigating front-running with optimal linear complexity.
A new two-tiered architecture incorporates publicly verifiable decryption, resolving the censorship vulnerability inherent in existing block-building separation models.
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