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Trapdoor Functions

Definition

Trapdoor Functions are mathematical functions that are easy to compute in one direction but computationally difficult to reverse without specific secret information, known as the “trapdoor.” These functions are fundamental to public-key cryptography, enabling secure communication and digital signatures in blockchain systems. Examples include integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems. Their one-way nature with a secret shortcut forms the basis of many cryptographic security primitives.