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Trapdoor Permutations

Definition

Trapdoor Permutations are mathematical functions that are easy to compute in one direction but difficult to reverse without a secret piece of information. This secret information, known as the “trapdoor,” makes the inverse computation trivial. These functions are a cornerstone of public-key cryptography, allowing a public key to perform an operation that only the corresponding private key can efficiently undo. RSA is a prominent example of a cryptosystem built upon a trapdoor permutation.