Two-party computation, or 2PC, is a cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to jointly compute a function over their private inputs without either party revealing their input to the other. This technique ensures that only the result of the computation is disclosed, preserving the confidentiality of individual data. It is a fundamental building block for privacy-preserving technologies. This method enables secure collaboration on sensitive data.
Context
Two-party computation is a key technology for enhancing privacy in various applications, including secure auctions, private data analysis, and confidential transactions in blockchain. Discussions often concern the computational overhead and scalability of 2PC, particularly for complex functions. Research continues to improve the efficiency and practicality of two-party computation, broadening its applicability across decentralized systems.
DiStefano uses Two-Party Computation within TLS 1.3 to secret-share session keys, enabling zero-knowledge proofs over encrypted web data for private verification.
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