Definition ∞ A universal reference string, in the context of certain zero-knowledge proof systems, is a publicly available, trusted setup parameter used to generate and verify proofs. This common reference allows for the creation of proofs for any program without needing a new setup for each specific computation. It enables efficiency and interoperability across various applications.
Context ∞ The creation and security of a universal reference string are critical and often complex events in the deployment of advanced zero-knowledge proof systems. News reports frequently cover the ceremonies involved in generating these strings, emphasizing the need for high levels of participation and trust to prevent compromise. Its integrity is fundamental to the security of the entire proof system.
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