Unpredictability refers to the characteristic of an outcome or event that cannot be foreseen or reliably forecasted. In cryptographic and blockchain systems, true unpredictability is a highly desired property, particularly for random number generation, key creation, and fair consensus mechanisms. Achieving this requires sources of high entropy, which are genuinely random and not deterministically derivable. A lack of genuine unpredictability can compromise the security of digital assets and the fairness of decentralized protocols.
Context
The pursuit of verifiable and robust unpredictability is a continuous research and development area in blockchain technology, especially for applications requiring provable randomness. News often discusses the challenges of securing random number generation on-chain, where all operations are deterministic. Solutions like verifiable delay functions and decentralized oracle networks are actively explored to provide external sources of randomness. The reliability of unpredictability directly impacts the security and integrity of many decentralized applications.
Commit-Reveal Squared uses randomized reveal order and a hybrid architecture to cryptographically secure decentralized randomness, eliminating last-revealer bias.
Cryptographers introduce Weighted VRFs to provide cost-independent, autonomous, and fresh on-chain randomness for weighted Proof-of-Stake systems, solving a critical scalability bottleneck.
Introducing delivery-fairness, a new formal property, rigorously quantifies and mitigates the time-advantage vulnerability in randomness beacons, ensuring protocol-level fairness.
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