Unpredictable output refers to a result generated by a system or process that cannot be reliably foretold or influenced by external factors or participants. In cryptographic and blockchain contexts, this property is essential for security, fairness, and the integrity of decentralized applications. It typically relies on truly random or cryptographically secure pseudorandom sources.
Context
Ensuring truly unpredictable output is a fundamental challenge in distributed systems, particularly for functions like validator selection in Proof-of-Stake or random number generation for smart contracts. Weaknesses in unpredictability can expose systems to manipulation and compromise their security guarantees. Continuous research focuses on robust randomness generation.
A new Randomness Incentive Game (RIG) establishes a Nash Equilibrium where participants are compelled to submit provably uniform inputs, securing all decentralized randomness protocols.
A Distributed Verifiable Random Function combines threshold cryptography and zk-SNARKs to generate public, unpredictable, and bias-resistant randomness.
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