Validator Equivocation

Definition ∞ Validator Equivocation describes a malicious act in Proof-of-Stake blockchain networks where a validator signs two conflicting blocks at the same height or votes inconsistently on the chain’s state. This behavior attempts to disrupt consensus or double-spend transactions. Such actions violate the protocol rules and are typically penalized through “slashing,” where a portion of the validator’s staked collateral is forfeited. It is a critical security concern in these systems.
Context ∞ News reports often discuss validator equivocation in the context of Proof-of-Stake network security and the effectiveness of slashing mechanisms. The detection and punishment of such behavior are crucial for maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of the blockchain. Debates frequently center on the severity of slashing penalties and the robustness of equivocation detection systems. Understanding this concept is essential for appreciating the security models and risk mitigation strategies in Proof-of-Stake protocols.