Definition ∞ A zkVM instruction set refers to the collection of fundamental operations that a zero-knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) can execute. These instructions are designed to be efficiently verifiable within a zero-knowledge proof system, allowing computations to be proven correct without revealing their underlying data. It forms the computational backbone for privacy-preserving and scalable applications on blockchains.
Context ∞ The development of robust zkVM instruction sets is a crucial area for expanding the capabilities and efficiency of zero-knowledge rollups and other scaling solutions. A key discussion involves designing instruction sets that are both expressive enough for complex programs and optimized for proof generation speed. Future advancements aim to create more universal and performant zkVM architectures, accelerating the adoption of zero-knowledge technology.
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