Bank of England Finalizes Prudential Rules for Systemic Stablecoin Issuers → Regulation

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Briefing

The Bank of England (BoE) has released its comprehensive consultation paper outlining the prudential regulatory framework for systemic sterling-denominated stablecoin issuers, fundamentally altering the operational and economic model for firms designated as systemically important. This framework introduces strict reserve composition requirements and temporary holding limits as critical risk mitigation controls to safeguard financial stability. The most impactful detail for issuers is the mandate requiring them to hold a minimum of 40% of backing assets as unremunerated deposits at the Bank of England.

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Context

Prior to this action, the UK’s regulatory perimeter for digital assets was bifurcated, with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) overseeing non-systemic crypto-asset activities and a critical gap existing for stablecoins intended for large-scale payments and settlement. This ambiguity created uncertainty regarding the prudential standards for assets whose failure could threaten broader financial stability. The BoE’s intervention directly addresses this gap by establishing a robust, bank-like framework for systemically important payment stablecoins, separating them from those used predominantly for crypto trading.

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Analysis

This prudential regime necessitates a complete re-architecture of capital and liquidity management systems for systemic stablecoin issuers. The 40% unremunerated deposit requirement acts as a non-yielding liquidity buffer, imposing a significant opportunity cost that must be factored into the issuer’s business model and fee structure. Furthermore, the temporary holding limits → such as the £20,000 cap for individuals → serve as a systemic risk control to prevent destabilizing retail runs during the regime’s initial phase, which directly impacts the product’s market strategy and retail distribution channels. Compliance now requires integrating a high-friction reserve management module into the core operational structure.

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Parameters

Minimum Central Bank Deposit → 40% of backing assets. (Required to be held as unremunerated deposits at the Bank of England for liquidity)
Maximum Government Debt Holding → Up to 60% of backing assets. (Permitted in short-term, sterling-denominated UK government debt)
Individual Holding Limit → £20,000. (Temporary cap on individual stablecoin holdings to mitigate run risk)
Consultation Closing Date → February 10, 2026. (Deadline for industry feedback on the proposals)

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Outlook

The immediate next step is the industry’s response to the consultation, due by February 10, 2026, which will shape the final rules. Following this, the BoE and FCA are scheduled to publish a joint approach document in 2026 to clarify the co-regulation of systemic stablecoin issuers. This strict, bank-like prudential standard sets a high global precedent for payment-focused stablecoins, influencing forthcoming US and EU stablecoin legislation by emphasizing liquidity and reserve quality over investment yield, thereby prioritizing financial stability as the core mandate.

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Verdict

The Bank of England’s framework establishes a gold standard for systemic stablecoin legitimacy, strategically prioritizing financial stability and robust liquidity over issuer profitability to integrate digital currency into the core financial system.

Prudential requirements, Stablecoin regulation, Reserve assets, Systemic risk, Digital currency, Financial stability, Central bank deposits, Liquidity management, Holding limits, Sterling stablecoins Signal Acquired from → bankofengland.co.uk