SEC Staff Confirms State Trust Companies Qualified Digital Asset Custodians ∞ Regulation

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Briefing

The SEC Division of Investment Management Staff issued a No-Action Letter confirming that Registered Investment Advisers (RIAs) may treat state-chartered trust companies as “qualified custodians” for digital assets, subject to stringent operational and authorization requirements. This action immediately resolves a critical ambiguity under the Custody Rule (Rule 206(4)-2), establishing a clear, regulated pathway for institutional funds to secure client digital assets. The ruling is contingent upon the trust company being explicitly authorized by its state regulator to provide digital asset custody and having implemented robust written policies and procedures.

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Context

The prevailing challenge for institutional adoption stemmed from the Custody Rule’s reliance on the term “bank” to define a qualified custodian, a definition that was legally unclear for many state-chartered digital asset trust companies. This lack of clarity forced RIAs to operate in a legal gray zone or restrict their digital asset offerings, as the substantial portion of business test for a trust company to qualify as a bank under the Advisers Act was subject to facts and circumstances, creating systemic compliance risk.

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Analysis

This regulatory clarification fundamentally alters the operational landscape for institutional asset managers by providing a compliant blueprint for digital asset custody infrastructure. RIAs can now confidently integrate digital assets into client portfolios by leveraging state-regulated trust entities that meet the No-Action Letter’s specific criteria for authorization and control systems. The requirement for written policies and procedures mandates an immediate update to internal risk mitigation controls, audit protocols, and sub-custodian oversight frameworks. This move strategically lowers the legal risk profile for institutional participation, enabling product structuring and scaling that was previously constrained by custody uncertainty.

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Parameters

Key Metric ∞ Rule 206(4)-2 ∞ The specific SEC Custody Rule under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 being addressed.
Regulatory Instrument ∞ No-Action Letter ∞ The specific type of guidance issued by the SEC staff to address a regulatory gray area.
Required Authorization ∞ State Regulator Approval ∞ The trust company must be explicitly authorized by its state regulator for digital asset custody.

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Outlook

The staff’s No-Action Letter sets a powerful precedent, effectively harmonizing federal custody requirements with state-level chartering regimes, which may accelerate the development of specialized digital asset trust services across the US. The next phase will involve state regulators adopting uniform authorization standards to meet the NAL’s requirements, alongside the industry’s immediate focus on updating compliance manuals and due diligence on prospective qualified custodians. This strategic clarity is expected to unlock significant institutional capital, positioning the digital asset custody sector for rapid, regulated growth.

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Verdict

This targeted SEC staff action provides the essential legal foundation for institutional capital to enter the digital asset market by finally resolving the critical regulatory ambiguity surrounding qualified custody.

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