Epidemic Consensus Protocol Enables Scalable, Decentralized Blockchain Networks ∞ Research

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Briefing

This foundational research introduces the Blockchain Epidemic Consensus Protocol (BECP), addressing the persistent challenge of achieving scalability and decentralization in large-scale blockchain networks. BECP proposes a novel, fully decentralized, and leaderless consensus mechanism that utilizes epidemic information dissemination and localized data aggregation. This new theory fundamentally alters the landscape for future blockchain architectures by enabling high throughput and low latency across vast, dynamic networks, thereby unlocking new possibilities for widespread adoption and complex decentralized applications.

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Context

Prior to this research, established blockchain consensus mechanisms faced inherent limitations. Classical protocols, such as Paxos, Raft, and PBFT, provided strong consistency but struggled with scalability and decentralization due to reliance on central leaders and synchronous communication. Proof-based systems, like Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake, offered decentralization yet contended with high resource consumption, latency, and centralization risks. Emerging epidemic-based protocols, including Avalanche, improved fault tolerance but incurred significant communication overhead from repeated sampling, limiting their efficiency in large-scale, dynamic environments.

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Analysis

BECP’s core mechanism integrates three parallel protocols ∞ the System Size Estimation Protocol (SSEP), the Node Cache Protocol (NCP), and the Phase Transition Protocol (PTP). SSEP dynamically estimates the total network size, while NCP facilitates scalable membership sampling for efficient peer-to-peer communication. PTP, leveraging these estimations, manages block propagation and agreement.

This protocol differs from previous approaches by allowing nodes to generate new blocks without awaiting confirmation of prior blocks, thereby maintaining a continuous chain of references and significantly boosting throughput. The system resolves duplicate blocks locally and confirms them through an estimation process, ensuring consistency and correctness in a fully decentralized manner.

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Parameters

Core Concept ∞ Blockchain Epidemic Consensus Protocol (BECP)
Key Mechanisms ∞ System Size Estimation Protocol (SSEP), Node Cache Protocol (NCP), Phase Transition Protocol (PTP)
Authors ∞ Siamak Abdi, Giuseppe Di Fatta, Atta Badii, Giancarlo Fortino
Scalability Demonstrated ∞ Up to 10,000 nodes
Simulation Platform ∞ JABS Blockchain Simulator

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Outlook

This research establishes a foundational framework for highly scalable and resilient blockchain networks, opening new avenues for decentralized applications that demand high transaction volumes and low latency. The immediate next steps involve extending BECP to incorporate robust node failure detection and recovery processes, further enhancing system resilience. Within the next 3-5 years, this theoretical underpinning could enable the practical deployment of truly global, decentralized ledgers capable of supporting complex ecosystems like decentralized finance at unprecedented scales, transforming how distributed systems operate.

This research delivers a pivotal advancement in consensus theory, establishing a new paradigm for scalable and resilient decentralized blockchain architectures.

Signal Acquired from ∞ arxiv.org