Formal MEV Theory Enables Provable Security against Blockchain Attacks ∞ Research

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Briefing

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) presents a critical challenge to public blockchains, where block producers can exploit transaction ordering for profit, severely impacting users and network integrity. This paper introduces a foundational formal theory of MEV, grounded in a general, abstract model of blockchains and smart contracts, to systematically analyze and understand these economic attacks. This breakthrough provides the necessary theoretical framework for developing provably secure blockchain architectures and mitigating the detrimental effects of MEV on decentralized finance.

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Context

Prior to this research, the pervasive issue of Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) was largely understood through empirical observations and ad-hoc mitigations, lacking a comprehensive theoretical foundation. The prevailing limitation was the absence of a rigorous, abstract model capable of formalizing MEV’s mechanisms and impacts, hindering the development of provable security measures against these economic exploits that destabilize DeFi protocols and compromise user trust.

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Analysis

The core mechanism proposed is a formal, abstract model that defines MEV within the context of general blockchains and smart contracts. This model fundamentally differs from previous approaches by moving beyond empirical descriptions to establish a mathematical framework for MEV. It precisely delineates how adversaries, by reordering, dropping, or inserting transactions, can extract value. This foundational primitive allows for the systematic analysis of MEV attacks, enabling the derivation of security proofs and the design of protocols that are inherently resilient to such manipulations.

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Parameters

Core Concept ∞ Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)
New Framework ∞ Formal MEV Theory
Key Authors ∞ Massimo Bartoletti, Roberto Zunino
Publication Venue ∞ arXiv
ArXiv ID ∞ 2302.02154

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Outlook

This formal theory of MEV opens critical new avenues for research into provably secure blockchain designs and resilient decentralized finance protocols. In the next 3-5 years, this foundational work could lead to the development of novel transaction ordering mechanisms, advanced MEV-resistant smart contract patterns, and more robust consensus algorithms. Real-world applications could include fairer decentralized exchanges, enhanced user protection against front-running, and more stable blockchain ecosystems, ultimately fostering greater adoption and trust in Web3 infrastructure.

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Verdict

This research provides the indispensable theoretical bedrock required to construct future blockchain systems that are demonstrably secure against the complex and pervasive threat of Maximal Extractable Value.

Signal Acquired from ∞ arxiv.org