Formalizing Maximal Extractable Value: A Universal Game-Theoretic Framework ∞ Research

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Briefing

This research addresses the critical problem of Maximal Extractable Value (MEV), a class of economic attacks prevalent in public blockchains where adversaries reorder, drop, or insert transactions to extract value. It proposes a novel, game-theoretic formal definition of MEV, including the concept of “universal MEV,” which quantifies the maximum gain any adversary can achieve regardless of identity or wealth. This foundational breakthrough provides a rigorous framework for understanding and analyzing MEV, paving the way for the development of provably MEV-resistant blockchain architectures and fairer transaction ordering mechanisms.

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Context

Before this research, MEV was primarily understood through empirical observations and informal descriptions of adversarial behavior, lacking a universal, formal definition. This theoretical limitation hindered systematic analysis and the development of generalized mitigation strategies. The prevailing challenge centered on precisely quantifying the value extracted by adversaries and proving the MEV-freedom of protocols, especially given the complex game-theoretic interactions within decentralized systems.

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Analysis

The core idea introduces a formal, game-theoretic definition of MEV, establishing a rigorous framework for its analysis. This definition centers on the “axiomatization of adversarial knowledge,” allowing for a precise calculation of the maximal gain an adversary can achieve. The paper defines “universal MEV,” representing the highest possible value extraction by any adversary. This approach fundamentally differs from previous empirical or protocol-specific analyses; it provides a foundational model for assessing MEV’s properties, such as monotonicity and finiteness, and evaluating the MEV-freedom of smart contracts across diverse applications like crowdfunding, bounties, and Automated Market Makers (AMMs).

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Parameters

Core Concept ∞ Universal Maximal Extractable Value
Framework ∞ Game-Theoretic Formal Definition
Key Properties Analyzed ∞ Monotonicity, Finiteness
Application Context ∞ DeFi Protocols (Crowdfunding, Bounties, AMMs)
Core Mechanism ∞ Axiomatization of Adversarial Knowledge
Authors ∞ (Not explicitly listed in search result, but usually available on arXiv page)
Publication Date ∞ May 25, 2025
Source Type ∞ arXiv e-print

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Outlook

This formal MEV theory unlocks new avenues for research into provably MEV-resistant blockchain designs and transaction ordering protocols. Its real-world applications in 3-5 years could include the development of next-generation DeFi platforms with guaranteed fairness and enhanced security against front-running and sandwich attacks. The academic community gains a standardized, rigorous language for discussing and analyzing MEV, fostering more precise research into crypto-economic security and mechanism design.

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Verdict

This research provides the essential theoretical bedrock for a comprehensive understanding and systematic mitigation of Maximal Extractable Value, fundamentally advancing the foundational principles of blockchain economic security.

Signal Acquired from ∞ arxiv.org