MEV Is the Economic Limit to Blockchain Scaling ∞ Research

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Briefing

This foundational research posits that Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) now constitutes the dominant economic constraint on blockchain scalability, overriding purely technical throughput advancements. It reveals that MEV-driven spam transactions consume significant blockspace on leading networks, including Ethereum L2s and Solana, diminishing the benefits of scaling efforts for end-users. The paper proposes a new MEV auction design incorporating programmable privacy and explicit bidding to create an efficient and equitable market for transaction ordering. This new theoretical framework offers a pathway to unlock genuine scalability by addressing the underlying economic incentives that currently lead to wasteful resource consumption and higher user fees.

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Context

Prior to this research, the prevailing academic and industry focus on blockchain scalability centered predominantly on technical throughput improvements, such as sharding, rollups, and consensus optimizations. The established challenge involved increasing the raw transaction processing capacity of decentralized networks. This perspective overlooked a critical economic limitation ∞ the inherent incentives for Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) extraction, which often manifest as spam transactions that clog blockspace and negate gains from technical upgrades, creating a persistent fee floor for users.

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Analysis

The core idea presented is that MEV, specifically through spam transactions, creates an economic bottleneck for blockchain scaling. MEV bots engage in wasteful on-chain searching, consuming substantial blockspace and driving up gas costs without proportional fee contributions. The proposed mechanism addresses this by replacing the current “spam auction” dynamic with a more structured MEV auction.

This new design integrates “programmable privacy” and explicit bidding, enabling searchers to access transaction flow under programmatically restricted conditions, thereby preventing frontrunning and sandwich attacks while still allowing for legitimate arbitrage. This fundamental shift aims to channel value back to validators and users, fostering a more efficient and less congested network environment.

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Parameters

Core Thesis ∞ MEV as the Dominant Scaling Limit
Problem Domain ∞ Blockchain Scalability and Economic Congestion
Proposed Mechanism ∞ New MEV Auction Design with Programmable Privacy
Key Findings ∞ Spam bots consume >50% gas on OP-Stack rollups, 80% of Base spam
Impacted Networks ∞ Ethereum L2s (e.g. Base), Solana
Key Authors ∞ Robert Miller (Flashbots)

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Outlook

This research reorients the scaling discourse, emphasizing economic mechanism design alongside technical improvements. Future work will likely explore the practical implementation of programmable privacy within MEV auctions, potentially leveraging Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) or zero-knowledge technologies. The real-world application of this theory could unlock truly scalable and equitable blockchain architectures, shifting the focus from raw capacity to efficient and fair blockspace utilization. This opens new research avenues in cryptoeconomic design and the interplay between cryptographic primitives and market dynamics.

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Verdict

This research delivers a critical re-evaluation of blockchain scalability, asserting that economic mechanism design for MEV mitigation is paramount for achieving the foundational goals of efficient and equitable decentralized systems.

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