Quantum-Safe Threshold Signatures Secure Public Blockchains → Research

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Briefing

The research addresses the critical problem of securing public blockchain transactions against the looming threat of quantum computing by introducing a novel quantum-safe threshold digital signature scheme. This foundational breakthrough leverages Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocols to enable multiple entities to collaboratively generate a signature based on the NIST ML-DSA standard, ensuring no single party can unilaterally control assets while maintaining compatibility with existing verification algorithms. This new theory fundamentally enhances the resilience and trustworthiness of decentralized financial systems, paving the way for truly quantum-secure blockchain architectures.

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Context

Prior to this research, a significant gap existed in the cryptographic landscape → the absence of a known quantum-safe multi-party computation scheme for the NIST-standardized ML-DSA digital signatures, particularly a scalable threshold version. Existing digital signature protocols, while robust against classical attacks, are vulnerable to cryptanalytic attacks by sufficiently powerful quantum computers, posing a substantial risk to the long-term integrity and security of public blockchains and decentralized finance applications. The prevailing theoretical limitation was the inability to achieve distributed, quantum-resistant signing without compromising individual key privacy or system compatibility.

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Analysis

The paper’s core mechanism introduces a threshold variant of the ML-DSA digital signature standard, designed to be inherently quantum-safe. This new primitive fundamentally differs from previous approaches by integrating Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocols, allowing a predefined number of participants to jointly compute a valid digital signature without each party revealing their individual key shares. The innovation ensures that the resulting signature remains verifiable using a standard ML-DSA algorithm, preserving interoperability with current systems. This collaborative signing process significantly increases resilience against key compromise and prevents unilateral control, a critical advancement for securing digital assets on public distributed ledgers.

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Parameters

Key Mechanism → Threshold ML-DSA Signatures
Underlying Cryptography → Multi-Party Computation (MPC)
Quantum-Safety Standard → NIST ML-DSA
New Protocol Title → Efficient, Scalable Threshold ML-DSA Signatures → An MPC Approach
Lead Contributor → Hubert Le Van Gong
Source Institution → JPMorganChase
Publication Date → September 22, 2025 (Blog Post)

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Outlook

This research establishes a crucial foundation for the next generation of privacy-preserving and quantum-secure blockchain applications. In the coming 3-5 years, this theory could unlock widespread adoption of quantum-safe digital asset management, enabling institutions and individuals to conduct highly sensitive financial transactions on public ledgers with unprecedented assurance against future quantum attacks. It opens new avenues for research in scalable MPC protocols tailored for post-quantum primitives and the integration of such advanced cryptographic schemes into existing and future blockchain architectures.

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Verdict

This research decisively advances the foundational principles of blockchain security by delivering a practical, quantum-safe threshold signature scheme essential for the long-term integrity of decentralized financial systems.

Signal Acquired from → IACR ePrint Archive