An external call in the context of smart contracts refers to an interaction initiated by one smart contract to invoke a function or send value to another smart contract or an external address. This mechanism enables interoperability and complex interactions within decentralized applications. Proper handling of external calls is crucial for preventing reentrancy and other security vulnerabilities. It is a fundamental operation in blockchain programming.
Context
The security implications of external calls are a frequent subject in blockchain development news and incident reports. Flaws in managing these interactions have historically led to significant exploits and loss of digital assets. Understanding external call mechanics is essential for developers and for comprehending the technical details of smart contract security incidents.
A critical reentrancy bug allowed the attacker to recursively withdraw funds, bypassing solvency checks and compromising the protocol's entire asset pool.
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